However, the deeply traditional, male-dominated society that is prevalent across much of the Arab world, coupled with bureaucratic restraints unique to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, pose particular challenges for women seeking to get ahead.
“Many women in the West Bank want to do things, but they can’t. Our culture is generally more of a man’s culture. Women are trying to do things, but in small steps,” said Shyrine Ziadeh, a 24-year-old Birzeit University graduate.
Restrictions from Israel, which controls all entry points to the West Bank, only add to the problems, she said. “Because of the occupation, we need a permit to do anything,” she said, pointing to the difficulty of importing leotards and other ballet garb not available in the West Bank, for example.
Women’s literacy and employment rates are rising. Female police units are integrating into West Bank forces, and women make up a quarter of Prime Minister Salam Fayyad’s Cabinet.
Looking to spread the good word, NISAA FM radio station took to the airwaves in 2010, set up by and for women. It highlights local success stories about anything from female-led investment groups to refugee camp microfinance projects.
“We need awareness about being a businesswoman,” said Maysoun Odeh Gangat, the founder and CEO of NISAA FM, which already ranks as one of Ramallah’s top five radio stations.
Ramallah also now has a Ladies Cafe — a women-only establishment set up earlier this year by 21-year-old Balsam Qadoura and seven other partners.
Studying English at Birzeit University, many of Qadoura’s female friends plan on pursuing business after graduating. But she said her plans couldn’t wait.
“We are a group of girls who had an idea,” she said.
The brightly colored cafe, on Ramallah’s main high street, provides a relaxed place for women to meet, smoke water pipes and listen to Middle East music.
Some locals have questioned whether a cafe just for women represents a step back in the struggle for equality, but Qadoura argues that women needed their own space to help counter the male-domination seen in many of the city’s other such establishments.
“The men act like we are not human beings. They say ‘what are you doing here, it’s not your place’,” she said.
Palestinian women’s participation in the work force has gradually risen over the past two decades, lifted in the mid-1990s thanks to an economic boom after the Palestinians won limited self-rule and foreign donor cash started to pour in.
“It was a general economic boom, not only for women,” said NISAA FM’s Gangat.
In 1995, women made up some 11.5 percent of the workforce, a figure that has risen to 16.7 percent, according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
However, this number is low compared to the World Bank’s 26 percent average for the Middle East and North Africa, and the labor distribution is highly uneven, with women in many areas of the Palestinian Territories still out of the market.
In the Gaza Strip, a woman made headlines in May simply because she was a waitress in the coastal enclave, which is ruled by Hamas and where patriarchal resistance to women working outside the home still prevails.
“A high percentage of people have no contribution to the national economy,” said Salah Abu Eisheh, the West Bank and Gaza representative for the Near East Foundation, a non-governmental organization promoting women’s empowerment through business.
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