I do not spend much time mingling with officers in the United States armed forces, but when I do, usually at a conference or international gathering, or reading texts on the Web, I always come away from the experience more heartened than threatened. Presumably, so does President George W. Bush, who spends much of his time deploying or threatening to use the US military against terrorists around the world, Iran, or mainstream Islamist movements that defy the US.
He and others in Washington would profit from reading a sensible and timely short paper by Colonel Laurence Andrew Dobrot, the deputy director of the US Missile Defense Agency's Airborne Laser Program. Published in November of last year by the Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the paper is titled "The Global War on Terrorism: A Religious War?"
It makes a cogent case for a change in strategy in the American-led global war on terror. It sees the existing strategy as having limited impact, and even argues that "the nation's current policies and actions may, in fact, be creating more, not fewer, terrorists."
Those in the US who are fed up with hearing people around the world point out the flaws in American foreign policy may be more inclined to listen to an American soldier who speaks from experience. Dobrot served in Afghanistan and understands the strengths and limits of military power. After five years of participating in the global war on terrorism (GWOT), with the loss of over 3,000 Americans, Dobrot writes, "many people question whether the US strategy is working, and whether the United States understands how to combat an enemy motivated by a radical revolutionary religious ideology."
Dobrot suggests three root causes of the terror problem as manifested by Al-Qaeda and other such groups: the lack of wealth-sharing in Islamic countries; resentment of Western exploitation of Islamic countries; and a US credibility gap within the Islamic community. Comparing the ends, ways and means of Washington's war on terror with those of Al-Qaeda and other such groups, he concludes that the US is not achieving its long-term strategic objectives in the war on terror, and recommends that "US strategy focus on the root causes of Islamic hostility."
Dobrot also suggests that the US should combat radical Islam from within the Islamic community by consistently supporting the efforts of moderate Islamic nations to build democratic institutions that are acceptable in Islamic terms. Part of his recommendations is worth quoting at length:
"GWOT is an ideological battle. Our enemy is a group of violent religious extremists who are trying to unify Islam under their banner. The nature and circumstances of this war make it one that the United States cannot win militarily. Two objectives are identified in the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism: defeat violent extremism and create a global environment inhospitable to violent extremists. These are the correct ends. However, the United States may be failing to apply appropriate ways and means to achieve these goals. It has clearly demonstrated the capability to find and eliminate the most violent of terrorists, but does it have the capability to create a future global environment that will be inhospitable to violent extremism? The nation's current policies and actions may, in fact, be creating more, not fewer extremists...
"A principal focus of this strategy must be to establish among the umma [the Islamic community] the credibility of the United States and its policy. Two recommendations are proposed to help shape that future: First, the United States must be seen as 'just' to re-establish its credibility and legitimacy in the Islamic world. Second, the United States must communicate and promote democracy in terms that the Islamic world understands and respects. To achieve its long-term objective of creating an inhospitable environment for violent extremists through the creation of democratic institutions in nation-states, the United States must consistently focus its reform efforts on those predominately Islamic nations with which it already has relationships ... To repair its credibility, the United States must focus on applying just practices. The United States must hold the Israelis, the Saudis, the Egyptians, and itself accountable to standards and policies perceived among mainstream Muslims as being consistent. Specifically, the United States must recognize democratically elected governments such as Hamas and actively engage them in public diplomacy, even if it disagrees with them."
Dobrot also mentions Iran and the Arab-Israeli conflict as arenas where the US can and must re-establish its credibility with Muslim populations and societies. I don't know how well Dobrot is doing in protecting the US with his Airborne Laser Program, but his assessment of how to fight terrorism seems to me an intellectual and analytical direct hit that deserves wide consideration.
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